Bond Investment

Learn about the concept of denominations in financial instruments, their applications, and real-world examples that illustrate their importance.

Dive into the concept of effective duration to understand how it helps in measuring the risk of bonds with embedded options. Learn how expected cash flows from bonds change with interest rates and get a simplified formula to calculate effective duration.

Discover how hard call protection safeguards investors in callable bonds by preventing premature redemption and ensuring consistent returns for a fixed period.