Understanding the GRE
The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a vital standardized test aimed at evaluating an individual’s aptitude in analytical writing, mathematics, and vocabulary. Primarily used by graduate schools in the U.S. and Canada, this exam plays a crucial role in determining an applicant’s eligibility for various programs.
Today, the GRE is mostly available via computer at testing centers. However, where computer-based tests are not feasible, a paper version may be offered.
Key Takeaways
- The GRE assesses your ability in reading comprehension, writing, and mathematics, emphasizing abstract thinking.
- Scores range from 130-170 for Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning, with top programs seeking scores in the mid-to-high-160s.
- The test is available at various online testing centers in multiple countries, including the U.S.
- The test fee varies by location, costing $220 in most places and $231.30 in China.
Breaking Down the GRE Sections
The GRE comprises three primary sections: Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Analytical Writing.
Verbal Reasoning
This section tests your ability to analyze and evaluate written material. You’ll draw conclusions, identify central ideas, and understand the relationship between words and sentences.
Quantitative Reasoning
Here, your problem-solving skills are assessed through algebra, geometry, and data analysis. You must interpret, analyze, and apply mathematical concepts.
Analytical Writing
This segment evaluates how well you can articulate complex ideas and provide effective support for those ideas through two tasks based on critical thinking and analytical writing.
A Brief History of the GRE
The GRE was introduced in 1936 by a consortium of universities and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. The Educational Testing Service (ETS), established in 1947, currently oversees the exam.
Evolution Over Time
Since its inception, the GRE has undergone multiple modifications:
- Initial tests featured only verbal and quantitative sections.
- An analytical section was added but later replaced by the analytical writing section after 2002.
- Significant changes in 2011 led to the current 130-170 scoring scale and adopted computer adaptive testing based on sections.
Despite its widespread use, some universities have started dropping GRE requirements, citing concerns over its fairness and predictive ability for graduate success.
Recent Updates
In 2023, ETS announced a shorter, more streamlined version of the GRE, reducing the exam time from 4 hours to less than 2 hours. The shorter format, starting from September 22, 2023, focuses on efficiency by eliminating and condensing certain sections.
GRE Scoring Structure
Your performance in the GRE is evaluated in three sections, scored differently:
- Verbal Reasoning: Scores range from 130 to 170 in one-point increments.
- Quantitative Reasoning: Scores also range from 130 to 170 in one-point increments.
- Analytical Writing: Scores range from 0 to 6, evaluated in half-point increments.
Your overall score combines the Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning, reported on a 260-340 scale. The Analytical Writing score is reported separately.
How Institutions Utilize GRE Scores
Grad School Admissions
Most graduate and business schools use GRE scores to shortlist applicants. In certain cases, they may also require GRE Subject Tests focusing on specific fields like physics, biology, chemistry, and psychology.
Business School Admissions
While business schools often prefer the GMAT for MBA applicants, many accept GRE scores as well. Understand that the GRE tests your vocabulary skills, in contrast to the GMAT’s focus on mathematical abilities.
Here’s a look at average GRE scores for the top 10 business schools in 2022:
| Ranking | Business School | Average GRE Verbal | Average GRE Quant |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stanford University | 165 | 164 |
| 2 | University of Chicago (Booth) | 163 | 161 |
| 3 | University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) | 161 | 161 |
| 4 | Harvard Business School | 163 | 163 |
| 5 | Northwestern University (Kellogg) | 163 | 163 |
| 6 | MIT (Sloan) | N/A | N/A |
| 7 | Columbia University | N/A | N/A |
| 8 | University of California at Berkeley (Haas) | 161 | 161 |
| 9 | Dartmouth University (Tuck) | 161 | 159 |
| 10 | Yale University | 164 | 164 |
| Ranks are based on U.S. News’ Top Business Schools of the Class of 2022. |
Cost and Registration
The GRE costs $220 in the U.S. and varies by country, e.g., $231.30 in China. Registering for the test involves creating a free ETS account, selecting a test date and center, and completing the payment.
Preparing for the GRE
Leverage ETS resources, including free practice tests, math reviews, and instructional videos found on the ETS website. They also offer paid materials for additional practice, including section-specific questions and essay evaluations.
Exam Duration
The GRE typically takes about 3 hours and 45 minutes to complete, inclusive of scheduled breaks.
Retaking the GRE: Frequency and Strategy
You can take the GRE once every 21 days, up to five times within a 12-month span. Use the ScoreSelect option to send only your best scores to schools.
GRE Policy Adjustments
Due to recent changes in admission policies, not all programs require GRE scores. Be sure to check the specific requirements of each program you’re applying to.
Conclusion
Overall, the GRE is a critical component in graduate and business school applications, testing your verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing skills. Control how your scores are sent, maximize your preparation using available resources, and understand the evolving landscape of graduate admissions policies.
Related Terms: GMAT, SAT, standardized exams, graduate programs, business school.
References
- ETS. “About the GRE® General Test”.
- ETS. “GRE® General Test Locations and Dates”.
- ETS. “GRE® General Test Interpretive Data”, Page 2.
- ETS. “Fees for GRE® Tests and Related Services”.
- ETS. “Who We Are”.
- Duke University. “Change in Structure of GRE Test”.
- Peterson’s. “GRE Test Changes - Important Info”.
- ETS. “Shorter GRE Test Coming September 2023.”
- GMATClub. “Average GRE Score for Top MBA Programs.”
- ETS. “What to Expect During the GRE® General Test”.
- ETS. “Registration, Test Centers and Dates”.
